Normalization in SQL Server is a process used to organize a database in order to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity. It's based on splitting large tables into smaller, more manageable ones and establishing relationships between them. Here' a quick rundown of the different normal forms:

Types of Normal Forms:

1. First Normal Form (1NF): Ensures each table cell holds a single value, which means there are no repeating groups or arrays. Each record needs to be unique.

2. Second Normal Form (2NF): Meets all requirements of 1NF and ensures that all columns in a table depend on the entire primary key, not just part of it. This avoids partial dependency.

3. Third Normal Form (3NF): Meets all requirements of 2NF and ensures that all the columns are only dependent on the primary key. This avoids transitive dependency.

4. Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF): A special case of 3NF. Every determinant must be a candidate key. It' useful when you need to deal with certain types of anomalies not handled by 3NF.

5. Fourth Normal Form (4NF): Meets all requirements of BCNF and ensures there are no multi-valued dependencies.

6. Fifth Normal Form (5NF): Ensures any join dependency in the table is a result of the candidate keys.

Advantages of Normalization:

• Reduced data redundancy: By breaking down data into smaller tables and providing relationships between them, you avoid data duplication.

• Improved data integrity and consistency: Ensuring that data is logical and adheres to rules reduces the chances of anomalies.

• Efficient Data Access: Smaller tables are faster to search, insert, update, and delete data.

Would you like an example of how to normalize a database schema?